Posts Tagged ‘Google’

Google’s open video proposal closes door on software freedom

May 17th, 2013

In case the news from Google I/O this week left you feeling Google can do no wrong, there’s a story no one is writing about that lends a little balance. Google’s handling of the challenge to the VP8 codec from MPEG-LA is now in progress — and it shows signs of unfamiliarity with the tenets of software freedom.

As you may recall, Google continues to assert there are no patents in MPEG-LA’s pool that read on VP8, yet has secured agreement from MPEG-LA to a license settling once and for all that there’s no risk to VP8 implementors and users from MPEG-LA’s pool. At the time of the recent IETF meeting, Google promised to publish its ideas for a cross-license agreement, and it’s done just that. The draft agreement is clearly marked as a work in progress, so there’s still scope for change. I hope it happens.

The release of that discussion draft last week is good news for open source enthusiasts. At least, it sounds like good news. The explanatory blurb adorning the draft agreement’s text says it’s designed to give a “royalty-free license to certain patents that are necessary for the implementation of VP8.” The fact that the document has been released while its specific points are still “under review” is also encouraging; perhaps Google is keen to measure the community reaction, testing the ideas publicly rather than releasing a completed document.

Issues for open source
The devil, of course, is in the details. How should we react to the proposed cross-license? What would we like the company to take away from our response? At the moment the document has a number of issues.

The first, and most significant from my perspective, is that gaining benefit from the agreement requires individual execution of the license agreement (see section 2). This will have to be done by each person wishing to benefit from the agreement; the rights under the agreement are not “sublicensable” according to section 3, so they can’t be passed on to anyone else. You’ll need to provide your personal information to Google to get this license, and section 9 makes clear the company may well use it at some point to contact you and even use your name in its publicity, according to section 15.

That restriction is probably tolerable for a corporation that can execute the agreement once for all products and staff, but for an open source project it’s a big problem. Open source communities may not have a legal entity able to sign on behalf of the community, either because there’s no actual legal entity or because the community of developers has too loose a relationship with any legal entity to be counted as the equivalent employees. By requiring individual, nontransferrable registration, Google is erecting a barrier that at the very least will provoke suspicion from open source projects.

Secondly, there’s a “field of use” restriction. That means the patent grant you’re getting only applies to specific uses; according to the definitions toward the end, that “means (and is limited to) encoding, decoding, transcoding, and/or playing VP8 Video.” If you’re writing any multipurpose code or if the way you’re dealing with VP8 varies somewhat from the normal format — perhaps you’ve added capabilities — then the license doesn’t apply. For open source, that chills innovation and leads to uncertainty over whether a specific program is covered.

Conflicts a-plenty
From my nonlawyer perspective, this approach seems unworkable for free and open source software. If the patent license Google is proposing for VP8 were part of an open source license, it would probably render the license in violation of the Open Source Definition. Specifically, the license appears to conflict with OSD 6 (no field-of-use restrictions), OSD 7 (no registrations), and OSD 5 (no discrimination against persons unwilling to be identified). It’s arguable it also conflicts with OSD 3 since it is not sublicensable.

As a consequence, I suggest the license is flawed when considered in relation to open source projects and is likely to be negatively received by many communities that value software freedom. Doubtless a case can be made that the patent license is optional, but I suspect the community issues may remain.

Once again we’re left with our fingers crossed. Google’s making the right noises, but this draft agreement seems like a particularly unworkable approach for free and open source software. Its failure to allow sublicensing seems like a major flaw. Even if this doesn’t result in a requirement for all end-users to sign the agreement, the discrepancies between this document and the OSD leave it disruptive to open source adoption of VP8.

The irony of this situation is Google has asserted plausibly that there’s no need to have a license anyway in connection with MPEG-LA’s patents. As Washington, DC, attorney David Balto recently found, patent pools like MPEG-LA offer a tool for anticompetitive behavior that deserves scrutiny. This document seems to me to be an effective outcome for those in MPEG-LA’s patent-holder community who want to see VP8 disrupted. It has provoked an autoimmune response that must have Google’s enemies smiling wickedly.

Source:http://www.infoworld.com/d/open-source-software/googles-open-video-proposal-closes-door-software-freedom-218765?page=0,0

Google promises to address fragmentation

May 17th, 2013

Fragmentation has always been Android’s greatest bugbear, and it remains an issue, confessed Google engineers at this week’s I/O conference. However, Android’s engineering director Dave Burke pledged that his team has made it a priority to address the issue and make the updating process more timely and streamlined.

During a fireside chat session at the event, 11 members of the Android team answered developers’ questions, and a key theme was how to match the rapid pace of innovation with a coordinated updating approach, so that developers and OEMs get the upsides of Google’s enhancements program, rather than the penalties – having to support multiple releases and live with an unpredictable updates schedule.

Currently, there can be months between the first products getting a new OS release or feature – typically Google’s own Nexus devices – and the last, confusing users and developers. There are still millions of devices running ageing Android releases such as 2.2 Froyo and 2.3 Gingerbread, which were introduced in May and December 2010 respectively.

“This is something we think about a lot,” said Burke, as reported by CNet, “And we’re working internally to streamline the development process and make the software more layered.”

He said that, by layering software, chip and device makers will be able to support updates more quickly, and apply changes just to certain aspects of the software for greater speed and flexibility. He also said Google needs to work on understanding the many and diverse types of hardware which run its OS – from emerging market models which only have the hardware capacity to support Gingerbread, to new gadgets optimized for applications that require a new OS. Both ends of the scale require attention, and Burke said: “We’re trying to make Android more efficient so that even entry level smartphones can use the software.”

Google was also trying to push its line that its own Nexus has the “purest’ Android experience and can save developers and users from all the complexities of OEMs’ own-look overlays, such as Samsung TouchWiz. The only new hardware to feature at I/O was a version of the Samsung Galaxy S4 with the vanilla Android user interface, and none of the Korean vendor’s usual additions – though this model is not actually Nexus-branded.

Google, having failed in its attempt to impose a common look and feel on partners by force, with the Honeycomb tablet release, is now trying to woo OEMs to its own UI by promising a smoother and superior experience (centered on its own services of course) on Nexus, with the hardware optimized for the OS. Matias Duarte, director of the Android UE at Google, said:

“The Samsung Galaxy S4 will have the Nexus experience, and it will have more timely updates.”

The latest IDC figures indicate that Android achieved 75% market share of smartphone shipments in the first quarter of 2013, up from just over 59% in the year-ago period, and with a 79.5% increase in sales. By contrast, iOS’s share fell from 23% to 17.3% with only a 6.6% rise in shipments, and Windows Phone moved into a clear third place for the first time, though with only 3.2% share, up from 2% a year before. Its increase in shipments was strong at 133% , though its 7m total is dwarfed by 162.1m for Android and 37.4m for Apple. BlackBerry saw its share fall from 6.4% in Q112 to 2.9%, though it wil hope the new BB10 release will start to reverse the trend in the current quarter. The also-rans were non-Android Linux flavors, at 1% share – also a figure which could change with the upcoming release of handsets running Firefox Mobile and Ubuntu. The end-of-life Symbian clung on to just 0.6% share on 1.2m shipments, down from its third-ranked 6.8% position in the 2012 quarter.

Source:http://www.rethink-wireless.com/2013/05/17/google-promises-address-fragmentation.htm

Google gets personal with self-drive cars, Google Glass

May 17th, 2013

For Google CEO Larry Page, happiness is a warm computer.
“Technology should do the hard work so people can get on doing the things that make them happiest in life,” Page told a crowd of 6,000 software developers and entrepreneurs who flocked to San Francisco on Wednesday for the opening day of Google’s annual showcase for its latest breakthroughs.

In the latest display of its technological prowess and sweeping ambition, Google is rolling out another wave of products and services that will test how much more people want computers to control their lives and enhance their perceptions of reality.

This year’s event mostly consisted of upgrades to existing Google services that have already become daily habits for millions of people — one of Page’s main goals. The new features assume most people want to more help managing their lives from Google’s brainy engineers and the sprawling data centers that house its millions of computers around the world.

Investors are increasingly becoming convinced that Google’s tentacles are going to grasp more moneymaking opportunities as its dominant search engine and ancillary services become more pervasive on the mobile devices.

Google already has an enviable perch on the smartphones and tablets that have become people’s constant companions. Its Android software has been activated on 900 million devices worldwide. In the first quarter of this year, Android devices held a 74% share of the global smartphone market followed by the Apple’s iPhone at 18%, according to the research firm IDC. Android also led the tablet market with a 56.5% share versus 40% for Apple’s iPad during the first quarter, according to another research firm, Gartner.

Google’s products and services have also made major inroads among users of the iPhone and iPad, despite Apple’s recent efforts to cast aside some of Google’s products.

In a show of Wall Street’s faith, Google’s stock surged past $900 for the first time Wednesday to propel the company’s market value beyond $300 billion for the first time. Google shares gained $28.79, or more than 3%, to close at $915.89. The latest milestone came less than three months after Google shares surpassed $800 for the first time. The stock has increased 55% since Page, Google’s co-founder, succeeded his mentor, Eric Schmidt, as CEO two years ago.

In contrast, investors have become exasperated with rival Apple’s lack of breakthrough products since its visionary CEO Steve Jobs died in October 2011. Apple’s stock has plunged by nearly 40% since last September, leaving the shares at $428.85. Still, Apple’s market value remains nearly $100 billion higher than Google’s.

Page, 40, seemed to share some of that frustration on Wednesday in a rare 45-minute appearance that capped a three-and-half hour presentation of Google’s latest products. His appearance came the day after he disclosed that both his vocal cords have been hobbled to the point that it makes it difficult to speak for extended periods — and sometimes breathe when exercising.

Without mentioning Apple by name, Page said more companies need to develop products “outside their comfort zone”.’ It’s something that Page says he has also insisted on Google doing since he started the company with Sergey Brin in 1998. Some of the gambles, like expansions into digital mapping and email, have paid off. Others, such as creating an alternative to Wikipedia and a social networking service called Buzz, have been flops. “Every time we have tried to something crazy, we have usually made progress,” Page said. “So we have been emboldened.”

The latest examples of audacious Google experiments that appear likely to become viable products include autonomously driven cars and Google Glass, an internet-connected device with a built-in camera and small display screen that can be worn around a person’s face like a pair of spectacles. Several employees and developers who bought a test version of Google Glass were wearing the device as they walked around the conference on Wednesday.

Google Glass stole last year’s meet when a group of skydivers wearing the device were shown jumping from dirigible above the building where the meeting was held. Their descent was shown live to the audience using the Google Glass camera. By comparison, this year’s meet was more sedate, though the features that were announced will have a more immediate impact.

A virtual assistant called Google Now will now be able to deliver reminders to pick up the milk when a person is in a grocery friend or call certain friends when visiting certain cities. Google Now also has been programmed to understand more spoken questions so it can be even more helpful. The technology is being expanded to work on Chrome Web browsers to it can be accessed on personal computers, extending its reach beyond smartphones and tablets. With the wider availability, the Google Now technology is likely to be used more frequently, enabling Google’s engineers to gain an even better understanding of human behavior. In turn, they can deploy artificial intelligence and machine learning tools to do a better job of anticipating users’ needs.

Google Plus, the company’s social networking answer to Facebook, is getting a facelift. The new look will include several automated features that promise to figure out appropriate hash tags for each post on the service and identify the best photos uploaded by users.

Source:http://www.indianexpress.com/news/google-gets-personal-with-selfdrive-cars-google-glass/1116726/0

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